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THE DISTRIBUTION OF MOORLANDS IN THE EAST OF YORKSHIRE^ 
AS EXPLAINED BY THE GLACIAL HISTORY OF THE COUNTY. 
BY THE REV. E. MAULE COLE, M.A., F.G.S. 
{Rmd July loth, 1898.) 
If anyone will take the trouble to consult the one-inch 
ordnance maps of the Yale of York, for a distance of about 
12 miles on either side, and mark o& the number of Moors 
mentioned, he will be surprised to find that, while only four 
occur on the south side, no less than thirty appear on the 
north. There must be some reason for this peculiar distribution 
of names which I propose briefly to consider. In the first place, 
what is the dividing line ? The terminal moraines of the two- 
great confluent glaciers, which, in the Ice Age, occupied the 
upper portion of the Yale of York. The glacier on the eastern 
side came down from 8tainmoor, and is characterised by th& 
presence of boulders of 8hap granite and Teesdale basalt : that 
on the west came from AYensleydale, and is characterised by 
the absence of the said boulders. 
The Stainmoor glacier presents two terminal moraines — one 
running in a curved form, as all moraines do, from High Cat ton 
to Escrick and Stillingfleet ; another, a few miles northward, 
from Upper Ilelmsley to York. It has been questioned which 
of the two is the oldest. In my opinion the glacier once 
extended as far as Escrick, and subsequently, in shrinking, left 
a second moraine at York. This is in accordance ^vith such 
moraines as I have had opportunities of examining in Switzer- 
land and Norway. 
The Wensleydale glacier left only one terminal moraine 
extending from York through Bilbrough to Healaugh. 
If the inquirer takes his station on the road from York 
to Stamford Bridge he will find that he is on a ridge some 
fifty or more feet higher than the surrounding land. To the 
