438 
CUTTRISS : NOTES ON THE CAVES OF YORKSHIRE. 
Gill Cave ; but the latter is the only one of the five named in 
which it would be possible to follow the water from its engulph- 
ment to where it finally emerges into the open. 
Although the caves afford interesting work to the explorer, 
far greater interest is attached to the pot-holes which abound 
in the district. The}' afford considerable sport to the climber 
who wishes to penetrate their depths, a sport accentuated by the 
element of mystery and awe surrounding them. Many attain 
depths of 300 feet and over, and it is here the pluck and 
endurance of the explorer are called into full exercise, especially 
when the difficulties are increased by falling water and the ever 
present danger of falling stones. 
Pot-holes are always found at or near the top of tlie 
Carboniferous Limestone, and only in such localities where there 
is higher ground to give birth to the streams which are the 
active agents in their formation. The appearance of these chasms 
on the surface varies considerably, the size of the opening being 
no criterion of their depth. Gable Pot on Leek Fells is 450 yards 
in circumference, being the largest in area of any in the country, 
yet its extreme depth does not exceed 115 feet. In contrast to 
this is Bull Pot, Kingsdale, the opening of which is so small it 
has been covered over with slabs of rock from the hill side. 
This was first completely explored by Messrs. W. Parsons, J. AV. 
Swithenbank, and the writer on May 28th. 1898, its depth being 
found to be 220 feet. Also Long Kin West, on the south side 
of Ingleborough, a narrow fissure the top of which ma}'- be stridden 
across, is stated by Mr. E. Calvert to be about 325 feet deep. 
Mr. Calvert was the first to complete its descent, although several 
attempts had previously been made. Of the better known pot- 
holes, Alum oi- Helln Pot, on the Ingleborough side of Ribbles- 
dale, appears to have received considerable attention from tlie 
earlier explorers, its extreme depth being given by Prof. Boyd 
Dawkins at about 300 feet. A full description of this awesome 
abyss is given in Boyd Dawkins' "Cave Hunting." 
Probably no cave has received more attention, or formed the 
subject of communications to Scientific Societies more frequently. 
