477 
secretary's report, 1898. 
A satisfactory state of afiairs can be recorded for the present 
year of the Society's work. Two General Meetings and Field 
Excursions have been held as usual, but there has been a falHng 
off in the attendance as compared with the previous two or three 
years. 
The first meeting of the 1898 season was held at Ciapham 
on June 10th and 11th, for the investigation of Ingleborough, 
Norber, and Crummack Dale, The members met on Friday 
morning, June 10th, at Ciapham station, and proceeded by train 
to Ingleton. Then, under the leadership of Professor T. 
McKenny Hughes, F.R.S., F.G.S., of Cambridge, they proceeded 
up Dale Beck. The large quarries in the Mountain Limestone 
at Skirwith were noted, and the included patch of carbonaceous 
shale was pointed out by the leader, who also indicated the 
positions of the two faults which run across Ingleton, one 
bringing the Coal Measures of the small Ingleton Coalfield against 
the Mountain Limestone, and the second and parallel fault 
bringing down the Mountain Limestone against the Bala beds. 
On the hillside boulders of Silurian grit were seen resting on 
the limestone beds, and were pointed out as the remnants of 
masses of drift, the finer portions of which had been carried 
away by water. At the Ingleton granite quarries the party 
were met by Mr. John W. Tate, M.E., the manager, who 
courteously showed the members over the quarries and described 
the formation. This "granite" of commerce is much used for 
road metal, and is a tough, strong-grained rock of aqueous 
formation, the materials being in all probability derived from an 
adjacent volcanic district, and roughly assorted under water 
before consolidation. It includes beds of finer or slaty material, 
which are of no commercial value. Then a vigorous push was 
made for Ingleborough, the path up Ravenscar being taken. At 
the top of Ravenscar a short halt was called for lunch, and to 
