28 
down ; towns, villages, roads, rivers, collieries, &c. should 
be noticed ; vertical sections of pits, boreholes, quarries and 
cliffs should be delineated ; the intersection of the bassets, 
or outcrops of coal, ironstone, and other remarkable strata 
should be marked do\vn, with their names and thickness ; 
the crossing of " faults" or " throws" should be registered, 
and the extent of the dislocation up or down should be 
stated ; the continuous position and dip of the different 
beds (where these can be correctly ascertained) should be 
drawn. The sources from whence the requisite information 
may be obtained are various and numerous ; and the means 
of executing both this and other lines of section are in the 
Society's own hands. The distance from the Penine Chain 
at the Sheffield and Manchester Railway Tunnel to tho 
Holderness Coast is about 70 miles, and if ten members of 
the Society would each undertake a portion of seven miles 
the whole length might be completed within a reasonable 
time. Each individual would have to level his own portion, 
either with the spirit-level or the theodolite, and to measure 
it with the chain or take his lengths from accurate township 
maps. Each would lay down on paper his observations and 
results, and their respective sheets, when joined together, 
would form the section required. Respecting the scales 
of these sections much may be said. Mr. De la Beche, 
recommends that the scales of lengths and depths 
should be equal ; but this suggestion cannot always 
be beneficially acted upon ; and it certainly cannot in the 
present instance. The summit of the ridge near Penistone, 
is probably about 1800 feet, or one-third of a mile above 
the sea. Consequently, if an uniform scale of three inches 
to a mile were adopted, the length of our section, when laid 
down on paper, would be IZg feet, and its height only one 
inch. The most likely scale for lengths is three inches to a 
mile, and for depths one inch to 50 feet ; which would make 
the length of the sheet 17^ feet, and its depth three feet. 
As before stated, three different lines of section have been 
proposed ; which may be named the Leeds line, the Bamsley 
line, and the Sheffield line. The first to commence at the 
Leeds and Manchester Railway Tunnel, at Todmorden, and 
proceed by Halifax, L<5eds, Aberford, and Pocklington, to 
Bannston, on the Holderness Coast. The second to com- 
mence at the Sheffield and Manchester Railway Tunnel, 
near Penistone, and proceed near Darton, north of Bamsley, 
Brierley, Swinefleet, near Goole, Cave Sands, and Cotting- 
ham, to Aldbrough, on the same Coast. The third to com- 
mence at the central axis of the Penine Chain, near Castle- 
ton, and proceed by Sheffield, Maltby, Tickhill, Bawtry, 
n«rth of Gainsbro', Caistor, to the mouth of the Humber 
below Grimsby. The second or Barnsley line is preferable 
