7 
trict run due North and South, by the compass ; but, in the 
distracted country, the beds rise more to the South, and the 
levels change to 23° and 28° to the West of North ; now, 
by this southerly rise, there is communicated to the dis- 
turbed beds a dip of one yard in 20 or 25, in the due North 
and South direction* ; so that, from Beighton to the turn or 
aXis where the beds rise North, by the change of level alone, 
any single bed will be 150 yards deeper (supposing the sur- 
face level.) This southerly rise is proved by the extensive 
water levels in the Sheffield coal, which, at Birley Moor, 
the most southerly point of the Sheffield Coal Company's 
working?}, run due North and South, magnetic ; but, upon 
coming further North, the levels change to 23° West of 
North ; they are two miles in length, and, upon the colliery 
map, are semicircular. Again, the due North and South line 
from Orgreave runs over Brinsworth to Jordan Dam ; Brins- 
worth is equi-distant from the two places, and stands upon 
the red rock of Rotherham. Now it is most certain that the 
Thick coal at this place has suffered an enormous depression, 
and that Brinsworth stands over the bottom of a synclinal 
trough ; for the Thick coal is here 350 yards deept, while 
at Orgrave pit it is 120 yards, the surface at Brinsworth 
being 18 yards higher. From Orgreave to Brinsworth, then, 
the Thick coal is depressed, either by dislocations or the va- 
riation of level, or by both, to the amount of 200 yards at 
least. From Jordan Dam, a place near the Sheffield and 
Rotherham Railway, the same bed is depressed in an oppo- 
* These beds rise 1 yard in 7. At an angle of J5o, or half between the level 
and steepest inclination, I in 14; at an angle of 30o, 1 in 21, which last is 
nearly the direction of the Tinsley Park and High Hazles Levels. In fact, the 
rapid rise of strata, of 1 in 7, would of itself lead to the supposition that the whole 
beds were irregular. 
t The four foot coal is 140 yards under the red rock of Rotherham, which is 
here 30 to 40 yards thick. The High Hazles Coal is 80 yards under the four- 
foot coal ; and the thick coal 91 yards under the latter. 
