low Bar ; 6thly, by a consideration of the position of the 
High Hazles coal, at Swallow Nest ; and Tthly, by the Thick 
coal South of Beighton, and the situation of this coal with 
regard to the railway, and the general workings of this 
bed. 
The northern axis of the synclinal, or depression from the 
North, is well known ; it may be traced accurately in the 
workings of the Park Gate coal. Commencing at Keppel's 
column, this bed dips to the South, at an angle of 17° for 
400 yards, to a throw of 125 yards ; it then dips at an angle 
of 28°, and afterwards at an angle of 32°, across the railway, 
down to the axis. But Keppel's column is also the centre of 
an anticlinal axis ; for this coal dips rapidly to the North, 
from this point, down to the Old Park Gate Pit, on Thorp 
Common, and is there 44 j'ards deep ; the bearing of this 
pit from the column is 24° ^Yest of North (magnetic.) 
Again, the Northern axis is well exhibited in the flagstone 
which appears at Shirecliffe Hall, above Pitsmoor ; but 
from hence the flagstone dips North to Wadsley Bridge, and 
here forms a shallow synclinal ; from which places it rises to 
Grenoside and AYharncliffe Lodge, and finally dips away ra- 
pidly to the level of the river Don, at Deep Car, forming one 
synclinal and two anticlinals. The Gannister from Crookes 
Moor dips to Hunter's Lane Bar, where it becomes 130 yards 
deep, under the flagstone ; bat Crookes Moor is the centre of 
another anticlinal, for the Gannister is next seen at a much 
lower level, at Malin Bridge, and thence ranging up to 
Stannington ; from Malin Bridge, it rises rapidly North, 
through AYadsley, to Owen's Moor ; and then dips North to 
Deep Car, forming, in its course from Crookes, one synclinal 
and two anticlinal axes. The levels in the Thick coal indi- 
cate, in addition to the northerly rise, several variations in 
the inclination ; beginning, on the North, at Stubbing, to 
Upper Hough, they run 4° West of North ; South of Upper 
Hough, they run North 10° West, then change to 40° East 
