Ill 
Such differences must be owing to the different methods of 
cultivation. 
It is the gluten of wheat which produces the fermentation 
of dough, and upon its presence depends the excellence of 
the flour derived from it. The following experiment of M. 
Tessier, from Grisenthwaite, will place this fact (i. e. the 
quantity of gluten produced in wheat in proportion to the 
ammonia afforded as manure) beyond question. He divided a 
piece of ground into nine plots, each containing two perches 
twenty-two feet square, French measure, and manured it 
with — 
GLUTEN. 
140 sheep and goats, folded two hours ... 5 oz. per lb. 
3. 2 sacks of rotten horse dung 5 oz. per lb. 
4. 2 ditto rotten cow dung 5 per lb. 
2. 64 quarts urine 6 oz. per lb. 
3. 36 quarts of bullocks' blood 5 per lb. 
4. 2 sacks of vegetable refuse, reduced to 
mould 5 per lb. 
1. 3 bushels of pigeons' dung 5 per lb. 
2. 3 bushels of dried night soil 4 oz. per lb. 
No manure., (twice quantity of seed sown) 5 per lb. 
That manured with urine produced the greatest quantity of 
gluten : that with dried night soil the least ; but it is probable 
that the ammonia in this instance was evaporated in drying. 
That manured with pigeons' dung produced the greatest quan- 
tity of wheat. That of urine marked 2 the next in quantity ; 
then night soil 2 the next in quantity. Then bullocks' blood 
and horse dung numbered 3 ; then cow dung, and vegetable 
refuse, numbered 4. The quantities are not stated, neither 
the quantity produced by the folding of sheep and goats. 
The produce of plants then may vary according to the 
substances given them as food. A superabundance of carbon 
in the state of carbonic acid, conveyed into the plant, cannot 
be converted into gluten, albumen, wood, or any other com- 
ponent part of an organ, without the presence of nitrogen ; 
e. g. the starch of potatoes increases when the soil contains 
