118 
That of sheep unknown, but it ranks before that of cows. 
One hundred parts of urine is as rich as 1300 parts of the dung 
of horse. 
Ditto human 600 of the cow. 
The following comparative value of manures was deter- 
mined by Prof. Hembsladt, of Berlin, for the Saxon and 
Prussian authorities. The experiments were carried on for a 
'considerable period. They were afterwards repeated with 
unvaried success by Prof. Schiibler. 
If the soil without any manure yields three times the quan- 
tity of the seed sown ; then the same quantity of land will 
produce 
THE QUANTFIY OF SEED SOWN, IF MANURED WITH 
5 times Old herbage, grass, leaves, &c. 
7 times Cow dung. 
9 times Pigeons' dung. 
10 times .• Horse dung. 
12 times Human urine. 
12 times Sheep dung. 
14 times Human manure. 
14 times Bullocks' blood. 
" Liquid animal excretions," says Liebig, " if suffered to 
undergo the process of putrefaction, contain the greatest 
quantity of ammonia, and in that form of salts which has lost 
its volatility, and when presented in this condition, they are 
the most valuable of all manures, and not the smallest portion 
is lost to the plants. It is all dissolved by water, and imbibed 
by the roots." (For additional information respecting the 
preservation and application of urines, see a paper of Dr. 
Sprengel, in the Journal of the English Agricultural So- 
ciety, vol. 1, p. 470.) They require to be diluted with an 
equal quantity of water, and not applied until the ammonia is 
converted into a carbonate, otherwise they " burn" the vegeta- 
tion ; generally six weeks in summer, and ten or twelve in 
winter is sufficient. They may, however, be greatly enriched, 
and the time of fermentation shortened, by adding powdered 
gypsum, green copperas, common salt, bone dust, potash, &c. 
