125 
45 oxen with 20 loads of stubble, (waggon loads,) while fat- 
ting, produced 600 tons of rotten dung — (p. 255, Arthur 
Young.) 
Consequently, if 33 beasts be kept to the 100 acres, there 
will be collected 350 tons of solid dung, and 858 hogsheads 
of 54 gallons each, (or 46,332 gallons) of urine. But with 
an allowance of straw and fully fed with turnips, 12 beasts 
will yield a one-horse cart load of manure every 24 hours, 
(p. 255, Farmers' Series,) and therefore 33 similarly circum- 
stanced will yield 512 loads. Consequently, on 100 acres of 
land there would be, on the Flemish system, 700 to 900 loads 
of unfermented dung, and 858 hogsheads of 54 gallons each. 
There is also to be added the liquid drainings from the farm 
yard, which are always kept in a separate tank. 
It is to be observed that the urines are collected in covered 
tanks, preserved so that no evaporation can take place, and 
they are kept several weeks before use ; the urea is then con- 
verted into lactate and carbonate of ammonia. In Flanders 
there is always a separate covered tank for the yard drainings. 
For expenses of them, and the size, &c., see letter signed 
" Nimrod," in the Farmers' Magazine of last year, where 
he states that the cost of a large tank, and the usual pumps, 
carriages, &c., was £25. 
And that one beast for every three acres, or 33 beasts for 
100 acres, is the average quantity of stock kept in Flanders, 
and wiU keep that quantity of land in the highest state of 
fertility, there is sufficient proof from the quantity of 
manure produced as stated above, and from the practice 
adopted by the countries mentioned. But another con- 
sequence arises, from having great quantities of manures 
collected at home, and ready to be applied at the most suitable 
seasons, and that is, a more early maturity of the crops sown, 
a more lengthened rotation, and a greater produce. On their 
poorest sandy soils they have ten crops in succession. Tur- 
