130 
Farmers' Series); the higher the state of cultivation the less 
seed required. 
4. An exemption from the smut and other diseases of 
wheat, and the loss of turnips from the fly. 
The growth of fungi in wheat crops is almost unknown in 
Belgium, and by irrigation from the tank, the turnip is 
quickly out of danger from the attacks of the turnip fly. 
5. An earlier harvest. 
6. Not only greater crops of all kinds, and therefore econ- 
omy on a given portion of land, but an increased weight of 
flesh from a given quantity of food, as is known to be pro- 
duced wherever the soiling system is adopted. 
It is very true that with the limited supply of manure at 
the command of the Limestone farmer, turnips, carrots, and 
potatoes, after rape, could not be produced as second crops, 
and it can only be efiected by the application of liquid ma- 
nures, to force them in the earlier period of their growth. 
But under the Flemish system these manures, which are now 
lost, would be saved. And no reason can be adduced why 
these crops should not be raised after white crops on the 
limestone, as in Belgium. It would not be necessary to 
follow the same rotations of crops which are grown in that 
country ; for instance, flax, which requires a large supply of 
manure, is only worth £10 per acre. Neither is it probable 
that the red carrot would grow on the Limestone soils sown 
broad cast ; but the white carrots are used by the Belgians, 
and are now beginning to be cultivated in England, and have 
shorter tap root ; and there is an instance of the red being 
grown at Knottingley in drill, and producing of the value of 
£75 per acre. There would be immense saving of land by 
the growth only of turnips, or rape and potatoes as a second 
crop, or spurrey, which is very nutritious, and gives a rich 
flavour to butter (Lowe), might be produced after any of the 
Cerealia, as easily as is done by them, provided there could 
