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of spring rye and tares, or tares and turnips, or by carrots, 
one acre of the latter equalling in feeding value twenty-five 
of seeds. 
The very general mode of sowing rye grass in so great a 
quantity in seeds for depasturage, has a very injurious effect 
upon the succeeding wheat crop. Sinclair says that rye grass 
impoverishes the soil in a high degree, if the culms, which 
are invariably left by cattle untouched, are not cut before the 
seed advances towards perfection. Rye grass is inferior in 
produce and nutritive powers to cock's-foot grass, in the pro- 
portion of five to eighteen; and inferior to meadow fox-tail 
as five to twelve ; and inferior to meadow fescue in the pro- 
portion of five to seventeen. It also seeds very early, and 
unless the land sown be stocked heavily with cattle, it re-sows 
itself. It is also very tenacious of life, and all the cultivated 
varieties being perennial, it is necessary to expose the roots 
to the sun, or to clear them away from the field. Probably 
the best forage plants for " seeds" are a mixture of white 
clover, parsley, and a very small quantity of rib-grass, as 
used by Mr. Shawe, of Brantingham. 
There are now some suggestions for improvement to be 
offered, and especially respecting the introduction of addi- 
tional green crops to those now grown on these soils : for we 
may lay it down as an axiom, that as the perfection of stock 
husbandry is the production of the greatest amount of flesh 
from the smallest quantity of food, so that of culture is to 
obtain the greatest amount of produce, in the shortest space 
of time, from the smallest quantity of land. The improve- 
ments suggested are already performed in various parts of 
England, and therefore the land in those parts does actually 
produce the crops mentioned ; and not only by the introduc- 
tion of other green crops than those now produced is there a 
greater amount of produce, but the land, if they are con- 
sumed upon it, is thus manured in the cheapest mode. 
