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scarifier,* or with Finlayson's harrow, both of which collect 
and extirpate root weeds without cutting them in pieces. 
The land, if either of these harrows be used, is not to be 
cross-ploughed, which only tends to cut the twitch grass in 
pieces. By thus commencing the preparation of the tare 
stubbles in the first or second week of June, they will be as 
forward as the wheat-stubble turnip fallows, which are seldom 
worked and weeded before that time. And if the tares are 
sown on clean fallow, — any thing like those Lord Leicester 
is said to have ; or if, Hke the Hon. Stanhope Hawke's 
land, upon which in a last crop not a bushel of perennial 
roots of couch grass can be found on twenty acres, — there 
can be little difficulty, by active farmers, in preparing the 
land for turnips after tares. 
2. Rape on stubble would be another valuable crop gained 
on the present system. It is a hardy plant, and has a wider 
range of soils than turnips. It may be raised on the stiffer 
and somewhat moist clays. Professor Lowe says : — It may 
" be sown after early peas and potatoes, and produce an 
" exceedingly good crop; that it is for this kind of interme- 
" diate cropping that the rape is in a peculiar degree 
" adapted, and if sown after a crop of corn upon the 
" ploughed stubble, will in the following spring yield a tole- 
" rable supply of green food." — p. 306. 
3. Spurrey only requires five to six weeks to bring it to 
maturity, and in that time arrives at the height of twelve to 
fourteen inches. Lowe says it is extolled by all foreign 
writers as being very nutritious and excellent food for cattle, 
and gives a rich flavour to butter. It is sown on stubble, and 
* By the use of Biddell's scarifier, there is said to be a saving of twelve per 
cent, in horse labour on a farm. In the preparation of tare stubble, the land 
ought to be scarified first with the chisel-points, and afterwards with the broad- 
blades, which cut the land clean. Both Biddell's scarifier and extirpating harrow 
are particularly adapted for cleaning stubbles, and bringing the soil to a fine state 
of tilth. 
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