250 
Three weeks earlier harvest would afford ample time in 
any part of England, for sowing stubble turnips, besides 
other advantages. At all events we may lay it down as a 
rule, that he is a bad farmer who does not take every oppor- 
tunity of introducing a green crop in his rotations ; for we 
may learn from the history of agriculture, that it is to the 
adoption of this system that the present fertility of the soil 
is mainly to be attributed, and it is only by such management 
that the farmer can preserve his land in the same productive 
condition at the least possible expense. 
6. The Tri folium Incarnatum (scarlet trefoil) has very 
unjustly got into disrepute ; it has been successfully cultivated 
upon the chalk in Kent, and is a most valuable plant. It is 
superior to the vetch ; for, in the first place, there is no 
expense in cultivating the land where there is a clean stubble : 
in the next, it produces double the amount of fodder, and 
makes as good hay as the red clover, frequently yielding 2i 
tons per acre. The great mistake in the trials of cultivation 
has been in sowing the seed upon land which has been 
recently ploughed. It ought to be sown on stubble and 
harrowed in without ploughing^ as the root requires solidity 
of soil. It should be sown in August or September, and the 
quantity of seed to the acre be about 14 to 16 lb. Some 
farmers use Finlayson's harrow to raise the mould, then level 
it with small harrows twice over, and finish with a heavy two 
horse roller, as the land cannot be made too solid. It is par- 
ticularly useful in filling up vacant spots in cloverleys, where 
the young plants of red clover have failed. 
The feeding of sheep upon turnips, and the use of addi- 
tional artificial food, is upon the Yorkshire Wolds well under- 
stood. In Lincolnshire, barley and malt-combs are given at 
the beginning of the season ; but oil cak^ is in general use, 
and the manure of the sheep fed upon it,, is highly enriching 
to the land. Upon the Magnesian Limestone of the West 
Riding, where great flocks of sheep are kept, the turnip cut- 
