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" extent with turnips and other esculents, or a small quantity 
" of linseed, would furnish a certain profit, by the improve- 
" ment of live stock. This is only," says he, a small part 
" of the advantage. The manure would be greater in quan- 
tity, and in quality it would be improved tenfold. It is 
impossible to obtain a succession of crops upon these 
" Wold lands without an ample supply of animal manure, 
and every effort should be made to procure it, not only in 
the pastures but in the yards." An ox kept stabled up, 
and fed on the Flemish plan by a mixture of turnips, barley 
meal, or rye rneal, with boiling water poured over, in six 
months will double his own weight, and pay abundantly for 
the food he has consumed ; but the principal advantage to 
the Flemish farmer is the liquid manure in his cistern, and 
the dung in his yard. Each ox will produce in this time as 
much of both kinds of manure as will supply two acres. 
In connection with this subject is the soiling of a number 
of cattle in the homestead. Sir John Sinclair enumerates 
the advantages of this to be seven : — 1. Saving of land. 
As reported to the Board of Agriculture, thirty-three head 
of cattle were soiled from the 20th May to 1st October, 
1815, on 17^ statute acres, when it would have required 50 
acres to have pastured them. The Hon. J. Quincy, in the 
" American Farmer/' kept the same amount of stock, by 
soiling them on 17 acres of land, which had previously 
required 50 acres. 2. Advantages of fences, 3. Saving of 
food. Animals destroy their food by treading it down, by 
dunging, staling, and by lying down upon it, and this in 
proportion to the richness of the crop. 4. The improvement 
to the stock kept in-door s. 5. The greater product of milk, 
6. Increasing the quantity, and improving the quality of 
manure, 7. Obtaining a higher value for the produce of the 
soil. To which may be added the making as much manure 
in the summer months as in the winter. Mr. Howard, the 
