259 
Respecting the Kimmeridge clay, little can be said of its 
agriculture, from its limited range forming only a small 
portion of some fields, across which it runs in a north and 
south line. Besides its use as a marl for some of the lighter 
sands of the oolite, as before mentioned, it may be remarked, 
that it throws out from beneath the chalk immense bodies of 
water at Newbald, South Cave, Brantingham, &c., which, if 
their value were appreciated, would be converted to the 
purposes of irrigation. It is well known that the celebrated 
waters of the Itchen, in Hampshire, arise from the chalk ; 
and that by waters derived from the same geological source 
in the three counties of Berkshire, Hampshire, and Wilt- 
shire, are 35,000 acres of land irrigated. The waters in 
these dales even now rise at an elevation sufficiently high to 
irrigate a great extent of land, and in many places natural 
slopes are already made ; but by the aid of some cheap 
mechanical power (as water wheels) a considerable portion of 
the chalk escarpment itself might be profitably watered, and 
that at little expense. 
The Kelloways Rock and Upper Oolite produce here much 
greater crops than their analysis would lead to expect 
They are adapted to the growth of potatoes, particularly the 
Kelloways rock, but wheat, barley, seeds, and red clover, 
flourish well upon these sandy soils. Mr. Shawe upon these soils 
does not pursue the four-course system, but allows the seeds 
to remain two years, and hence they are under three restora- 
tive crops and two exhausting ones, and by these means are kept 
in a less pulverulent or blow away" state than they would 
otherwise be. These lands are, however, capable of pro- 
ducing much more frequent crops, not only tares before 
consumed on the field. In any case of carting them off, the turnips after the 
last hoeing should be earthed up by a plough with a mould board, so that the soil 
will not be poached by the cart wheels, which will then pass' on the subsoil; the 
ridges being twenty-seven inches apart. 
