264 
manures, — the following one having been proved to be equal 
to 40 bushels of bone-dust for turnips, the cost of which is 
20s., while that of the bones is £6 : it consists of 1 ton of 
peat dust or ashes, 1 cwt. of soot, 1 cwt. of lime, 1 cwt. of 
salt, 14 lb. of saltpetre. The salt and saltpetre to be dis- 
solved in fermented urine, as much as may be required to 
saturate and keep moist the whole heap : after the salts are 
expended, urine to be continued, and new ashes to be spread 
on the top to intercept the vapour. It is known that sheep 
dung when left on the surface of land, disappears by rain 
and evaporation in six weeks, and now (in August) upon seeds 
not l-50th part of that which has been voided can be seen. 
Mr. Turner, of Tring, in Hertfordshire, for many years 
collected it off the land at 2id. per bushel, and mixed it with 
crushed bones : after great experience he found 51 bushels 
of sheep dung equal in effect to 25 bushels of bones, or 
about half the value of bones ; an acre of turnips (20 tons) 
will yield 60 cwt. of sheep dung=30 cwt. of bones, or 75 
bushels in value. To which may be added the great value of 
night soil when mixed with powdered charcoal ; of salt* or 
salt and lime mixed together, one part of the former to 
two of the latter, and kept three months before using. 
Fifth, on the quantity of seed sown^ particularly as compared 
with Belgium, respecting as well the choice of seed. And 
last, though not least, perfect subsoil draining, which is the 
foundation of almost every amelioration; but not the soil 
draining of 10 to 15 inches deep, except on impervious sub- 
soils, but subsoil draining of 30 to 36 inches, wherever the sub- 
soil is at all open or pervious. Mr. Hawkins, to the Sudbury 
Farmers' Club, says : — I can prove that land will dry 
* Salt, as proved by Sinclair. 
45 tons of Spit Manure produced 49 bushels of Wheat 
5^ bush, of Salt sown with seed and 
same quantity of dung, produced 95 Do. Do. 
Ciith. Johnson on Manures, p. 387. 
