265 
quicker where the drains are 36 inches deep and 10 yards 
apart, than where only 20 inches and 5 yards." If the 
subsoil be vret, the soil will be the same. 
Much might besides have been added respecting the general 
and expensive hahit pursued in purchasing bones and rape- 
dust, upon many farms amounting to more than the rent itself. 
What says M. De Jough, in a letter from Holstein, upon 
the reasons why corn is produced cheaper on the Continent 
than in England? "It is an un deviating rule laid dovrn in 
" our system here, that a farm must support itself, and work 
" on its own resources, i. e. that a farmer must not on any 
" account part with his cash, except for such things as 
" cannot possibly be produced on his farm." After saying 
that even a portion of wearing apparel and implements 
are made on the farm by purchasing wood and hiring an 
artificer, he then proceeds to say, " The greatest consider a- 
" tion and difference in the cost of producing corn more 
" cheaply on the Continent than in England, is in the pro- 
" duction of manure, which ought never to be bought, except 
" in the single instance when to be had cheap. When the 
" distance is no more than about six or seven miles 
from a large town, the purchasing of it should be 
" avoided if possible ; for although a waggon load of dung 
" may be had in Hamburgh, for instance, at Is. 5d., the 
" labour and time spent in fetching it, the expense of laying 
" it in heaps intermixed with heath, or grass sods, occasions 
" an outlay which ought to be avoided, and interrupts the 
" regular course of labour on the land. The Holstein 
" system of keeping as many cows as can properly be fed, 
" combines the means of making at the same time large 
" quantities of manure and large quantities of butter for 
" exportation. There are many large estates, either farmed 
out or not, on which 200 to 300 head of cattle are kept, 
" which are fed in the stalls from November to the middle of 
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