DE RANGE : THE VALE OF CLWYD CAVES. 
11 
^ Strongyloceros spelaeus. 
(. Bos, molars, 
f Felis spelsea. 
C Ursus spelix!us. 
Cervus Guettardi. 
„ eurycerus. 
Hyaena spelaea. 
Canis lupis. 
No reference is made to shells in the note of Dr Falconer, 
published by Dr, Murchison, bnt in the "Geologist" for 1863/'' it 
states that the bones examined by Dr. Falconer, were in the possession 
of Colonel Watkin Wynn, and that Falconer and Professor Ramsay 
together discovered fragments of cockles and other marine shells in 
the clay, and amongst gravel and stones, with which the cave is filled. 
Sir Andrew Ramsay referring to this discovery, states the 
Cefn Caves " were below the sea during part of the glacial epoch, for 
the Boulder Clay beds reach a higher level, and with Dr. Falconer 
I found fragments of marine shells in the cave overlying the detritus 
that held the bones of elephants and other mammalia." 
Mr. Mackintosh, F.G.S.,t in 1876, gave the following sequence of 
the deposits at Cefn Cave : — 
1. Coarse sand charged with minute fragments of sea-shells, 
still found adhering to one side of a rising branch ascended by steps. 
2. Clay with angular and subangular fragments of limestone, 
likewise a few pebbles of Denbighshire sandstone, grit, and felstone. 
This deposit contains bones of a number of the usual cave mammalia, 
is horizontally continuous with the Upper Boulder Clay of the district. 
3. Stalagmitic crust from less than an inch to 2 feet in thick- 
ness. Very little is described as left in Cefn. 
4. Loam with rounded and smoothed pebbles, bones, teeth, and 
fragments of bone and wood. 
The author agrees with Mr. Trimmer, that the sand with shells 
was introduced by the sea. 
On the 22nd of May last, I made, in company with Mr. Bouverie 
Luxmoore, F.G.S., a careful examination of the cave, and we found 
portions of the sand-bed still adhering to the wall of the cavern near the 
upper steps, containing numerous small fragments of shells, one of 
which is believed to be referable to Tellina Balthica, the frag-ments 
*GeologiKt, Vol. VI, p. 114, 1863. 
t Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc, Feby., 187G, Vol XXXII, p. 91. 
