DE RANGE : THE VALE OF CLWYD CAVES. 
17 
" The question on which my opinion was asked with reference to 
this cave, was, I understand, the following : — Whether the glacial 
beds lie undisturbed upon the bone-earth at the end of the cave, or 
whether their present position is due to the fall of the roof or wall 
of the cave, and their consequent descent upon the cavern floor. 
Accordingly I visited the cave on the 10th inst., and examined 
the section laid open in the pit that was dug in the glacial deposits. 
The conclusions I formed may be summarized. 
1. The bone-earth projects beyond the present limits of the 
cave, but it probably never did so originally, hence I have no doubt 
that the roof or wall of the cavern has given way. The large masses 
of limestone lying at the bottom of the pit no doubt represents a 
portion of the fallen material. 
2. These fallen blocks lie on the bone-earth. The material 
resting upon them has, of course, been removed in the excavation 
of the pit, but I observed that the block nearest the northern wall of 
the pit passed under the base of the undisturbed glacial beds. 
3. Against the lower part of the face of limestone on the 
northern side of the pit there is undoubted evidence of slipping, 
the lower layers of pebbly sand and clay being vertically against the 
end of rock. This disturbance however I could trace only a few 
inches outwards from the rock boundary. It does not affect the 
main mass of glacial deposits, and is referable I think to solution of 
the limestone along its outer surface. The various layers of gravel, 
sands and clays were traced by me continuously across the pit, I 
could see no evidence that they had ever subsided into a cavity, 
caused by the fall of the limestone into the cavern. 
4. From the data presented by the pit section, I would infer 
that the fall of the roof or wall of the cave took place before the 
deposition of the glacial deposits, and that during a period of subsi- 
dence, these marine strata were subsequently laid down against the 
limestone bank, so as to conceal this entrance to the cavern. 
16th October, 1887. (Signed) Arch. Geikie. 
Mr. Morgan, the lord of the Manor, having kindly promised to 
delay the process of filling up the pit until I had attended to make 
a last examination and sketches for Dr. Hicks, I again visited the 
