24 
VINE : CLASSIFICATION OF THE PALAEOZOIC POLYZOA. 
fossil there are, over part of the surface at any rate, and sometimes 
over all, larger openings giving a peculiar ornamentation to the 
surface ; these larger surface openings do not, however, enter directly 
as such into the Zocecial tube, but at the base there are one or more 
minute openings leading to the Zooecial cavity," p. 678, pi. xxx., fig. 
8., op. cit. In Idmonea radians, Mr. Waters says, "these large 
exterior openings occur at the junction of the Zooecia," and Mr. S. 0. 
Ridley in his paper on the Zoological collections made during the 
survey of H.M. Ship Alert," refers to Idmonea milneana D., Orb., in 
which the ''dots" (Busk, Cyclostomata, 1875, p. 12) of Busk's 
description are certainly raised.'' It is not improbable, then, that 
these " dots "or " punctures " may have a morphological meaning, 
not as yet thoroughly understood, but their study has yielded, to 
me at least, results that wiU be utilised further, on, and we shall 
meet with another character in species of the Heteropora, that was 
partially referred to by Busk in the Crag Polyzoa. 
In his paper on " The Closure of the Cyclostomatous Bryozoa,"t 
Mr. Waters has furnished us with details of another structure, also 
available to the Palaeontologist, especially so when dealing with 
Palaeozoic species, and allied to, and possibly correlative with this 
structure are the so-called " teeth " in carboniferous Fenestella,{ but 
perhaps not analogous with the " hair-like teeth which occur in 
several species of Lichenopora, which have globular terminations." 
(Bry. Bay of Naples, p. 276). 
We are indebted to Mr. E. 0. Ulrich for many hints while 
comparing the various species subjected to his scrutiny, that will 
be valuable to the student ; but it seems remarkable that some of 
these, drawn from the previous researches of D'Orbigny have been so 
frequently overlooked, or perhaps misinterpreted. The study of 
minute structures however in other groups are yielding ample results 
to the investigator, and I see no reason why the same comparative 
* Proc. Zool. Soc, London, Jan. 4, 1881, pp. 44-61. See also Tet. Cyclos , 
New Zealand Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc, Aug-., 1887. 
t Linn, Soc. Jour. Zoology, Vol. XVII, p. 884, pp. 400-404, PI. XVI. 
X Remarks on some Fenestellidae, A. W. Waters, Transac. Geol. Soc, 
Manchester. 1878. 
