DAVIS: THE LAKE-DWELLINGS IX EAST YORKSHIRE. 
107 
intersected by deep river-less valleys. There is abundant evidence 
still existing on these hills that they were inhabited by a numerous 
and energetic people. Their summits are entrenched in every direc- 
tion, culminating on Flamborough Head with the so-called Danes 
Dyke. These entrenchments were probably erected for purposes of 
defense, and as a last resort should they be driven from the Wold 
entrenchments, the inhabitants could retreat to the more strongly 
fortified area on Flamborough Head, difficult of access from the sea, and 
rendering a prolonged resistance on the land comparatively easy. 
Over the whole Wold district there are large numbers of mounds or 
tumuli which were erected as memorials of the dead, and the investiL 
gations of these has thrown much light on the habits and character 
of the people. The mounds are stated by Canon Greenwell {Bi^itisk 
Barrows, 1877) to contain the bodies of two distinct races of men ; 
the older one characterized by a long head, much longer from back to 
front than broad ; whilst more recent mounds contain bodies with 
round heads, in which the breadth equals or exceeds the length ; 
with the latter implements of bronze, ornaments of bone and jet, and 
pottery of varied forms have been discovered, whilst in the earlier 
graves only implements of flint and stone have been found, together 
with pottery of a rude character, and quite distinct from that 
associated with the implements of bronze. Rounded stones for 
pounding grain are frequently found. The relationship between the 
long-headed, stone-using people and the broad-headed people, 
acquainted with the use of bronze, who lived on the Wolds, and the 
similar races who occupied the lake-dwellings is sufficiently remark- 
able, and indicates more than a probability that the race who built 
the entrenchments and erected mounds over their dead, occupied 
their strongholds at the same time that their neighbours, the lake- 
dwellers erected their island platforms. The implements found 
beneath the lower structure are similar to those got from diggings in 
the older tumuli, and there is simultaneous evidence of the intro- 
duction of bronze in the later pile-dwellings and the most recent of 
the mounds. Other examples of pile-dwellings have been recorded 
principally from the eastern counties, where in bygone centuries 
morasses and meres abounded. One at Barton Mere, near Bury St. 
