lamplugh: larger boulders of flamborough head. 239 
88. Off Havtendale at dead low-water. Stratified sandy limestone. 
Probably Carboniferous. Oblong, sub-angular. 65 x 26 x 38. 
Note. — Many large blocks may be seen in this neighbourhood 
when the tide is very low. 
98. Near 88. Coarsely-crystalline greenish rock. Diorite ? Pear- 
shaped. 50 X 20 X .18. 
1 03. At dead low-water further west. Soft sandy limestone. Probably 
Carboniferous. Oblong. 70 x 36 x 22. 
SOME NOTES ON GOLD, SLATE, AND SALT MINES IN GREAT BRITAIN. 
BY ARNOLD LUPTON, F.G.S., M.LC.E., PROFESSOR OF MINING 
ENGINEERING AT THE YORKSHIRE COLLEGE. 
Coal-mining is undoubtedly the most important branch of 
mining industry at the present date. This was not always the case. 
The Book of Job contains some account of mining which includes no 
reference to coal-mining. Indeed, so far as the evidence goes, coal- 
mining is comparatively modern, and it is only within the last 500 
years that any need of the use of coal in large quantities has arisen. 
Wood supplied all the fuel necessary until the growth of the large 
city of London and the increase of Ironworks ; and doubtless the exten- 
sion of grazing and agriculture in England rendered wood compara- 
tively scarce, and induced a resort to the mineral fuel which is now 
generally preferred to wood, even in places where timber is still 
plentiful. Almost ev^ery other kind of mining is ancient. Copper 
and tin were mined in earliest ages, of which we have written or 
engi-aved history, and probably long prior to the historical period. 
Iron was also mined, though, it is believed, not till a later date than 
copper and tin. Gold and silver mining is also antecedent to the 
earliest records. 
Great Britain is endowed with a store of mineral wealth, which 
embraces nearly all the metals and minerals for which the eartli is 
searched. Some notable exceptions there are. Quicksilver, platinum, 
diamonds and other precious stones and petroleum are not to be 
found, but there is gold, silver, lead, tin, copper, zinc, nickel, manganese, 
antimony, arsenic, iron, and many others. The non-metalhc minerals 
