DE RANGE ! BORINGS FOR WATER AND SALT IN COUNTY YORK. 425 
ward of Sheffield sweeps round b}- Bawtry and Crowle, to the mouth 
of the Humber at Adliugtleet. 
In Yorkshire, west of the watershed, the rocks range from the 
Silurians to the Coal Measures, but the greater part of the area is 
occupied by the Lower Carboniferous Rocks, consisting of alternations 
of permeable limestone and sandstone, separated by impermeable 
shale, nearly the whole of the rainfall is rendered available, as the 
water absorbed is returned into streams as springs. The Gravitation 
Waterworks of the Preston and Blackburn Corporation are situated 
in this area. 
Springs containing sulphuretted hydrogen occur in the shale and 
limestones lying below the Lower Beds of Millstone Grit, they are 
seen in the bed of the Hodder, and again at Clitheroe where there is 
a bath-house attached ; over the watershed the Clitheroe anticlinal 
axis brings up the same beds as at Skipton, w^here the waters were 
formerly much sought after, which still further to the north-east on 
the same axis, are the well-known Harrogate mineral waters. 
I am not aware that any boring for water exists in Yorkshire 
west of the watershed ; east of it is a boring at Skipton, lor Messrs. 
Scott & Robinson's Breweiy, the boring was carried out by the 
London Diamond Boring Company. The boring is entirel}^ in dark 
earthy limestone, and was carried to a depth of 500 feet without any 
alteration in the character of the strata. The water is very pure, but 
charged on reaching the top of the bore-hole with sulphuretted 
hydrogen. 
The Yorkshire Millstone Grit has been very little bored into for 
water supply, but as the competition for surface water rights increase 
with the growth of trade and the increase of population in manu- 
facturing districts, its valuable stores of water will doubtless be 
largely brought into requisition. 
From the labours of Professor Green, F.R.S., and those with whom 
he was associated in the Geological Survey, it would appear that the 
First Grit (or Rough Rock) and the Fourth Grit (or Kinderscout Grit) 
are the constant subdivisions, between these two are a variable set of 
Middle Grits. The Kinderscout thickens steadily from Ashoweve to 
Keighley and Skipton by Huddersfield and Halifax. It is worthy 
of note that faults in the Millstone Grit become filled with shale 
G 
