COLE : THE DUGGLEBY HOWE." 
443 
cremated bones were found, suggesting that a number of persons 
were sacrificed and burnt at the time that the mound was being 
raised over the remains of some iUustrious chieftain. Proceeding 
downwards, and testing the gi'ound, a grave was met with under the 
centre of the mound, excavated 8^ feet in the soHd rock. This is an 
unusual depth, the ordinary depth in the tumuli on the Yorkshire 
AVolds being only about 3 feet or 4 feet below the surface level, 
and this fact, combined with the extraordinary dimensions of the 
Duggleby tumulus, warrants us in supposing that a mighty ruler 
and warrior was buried here, whose fame and power extended over a 
considerable portion of the Wolds; Close by was a shallow grave, 
excavated only 1^ feet in the solid rock, in which, together with a 
body doubled up in the usual way, were found 6 worked flints, 13 
flakes, 10 tusks of the boar, and a fine bone pin, 9^ inches long. In 
the larger grave in the centre, which had a diameter of 11 feet, and 
was nearly circular, three bodies had been interred. One, only a foot 
from the top, was accompanied by several beautiful objects, e.g., a 
diamond-shaped arrow-head, a fine perforated hammer-liead, made of 
the root-end of the antler of the red deer, and a very fine polished 
flint axe, 9 J inches long. At the bottom of the grave \yas the 
skeleton of an adult, and, near the knees, a semiglobular food vase, 
so completely crushed as to be beyond all hope of repair. 9 flint 
flakes and 2 rough cores, from which flakes had been struck, were 
also found with this interment. It is a matter of conjecture which 
of these two bodies was the principal one. The beauty of the 
weapons would seem to point to the upper one, whilst, on the other 
hand, the position at the base is that usually assigned to the most 
important personage. 
Between the large central grave and the shallow one close by 
lay, on the old surface level, the remains of a tall man whose femur 
measured 20 inches. The body had been deposited on the edge of 
the large grave, and in the process of settlement the head and 
shoulders had sunk about a foot below the other portions which 
rested on undisturbed ground. In front of the face was found a 
very beautiful flint knife, of an uncommon type, ground down on 
both sides, and extremely thin. 
