6 Nebraska Agricultural Exp. Station, Research Bui. 10 
8. In what manner should the spray be apphed, — as a fine 
mist or as a coarse, driving spray? 
9. Does it pay, commercially, to use both an insecticide and 
a fungicide at every application? 
10. Are the effects of spraying noticeable for longer than one 
season; i. e., are they cumulative? 
11. What effect does clean culture have on disease and insect 
control? 
12. What capacity machine is most economical for the various 
sizes of orchards ranging from the small home orchard to the 
largest commercial orchards? 
ORGANIZATION 
In order to secure results which would be thoroly reliable, 
it was deemed necessary to conduct field experiments in orchards 
located in different parts of the State and in a number sufficient 
to include as nearly as possible all the different conditions under 
which fruit growing is carried on. In order to overcome seasonal 
differences, it was planned to conduct experiments in these 
representative districts for a series of years. 
Six orchards were selected in 1913, — one at Wymore owned by 
Lake Bridenthal; one at Nemaha, owned by John Smith; one at 
Brown ville, owned by Fred Lewis; one at Florence, owned by 
J. J. Smith; one at Florence, owned by L. Abbott^; and the Ex- 
periment Station orchard at Lincoln. 
^ In 1914 the orchards at Wjnnore and Brown ville were re- 
tained and new ones selected, as follows: One at Beatrice, 
owned by E. J. Kessler; one at Lincoln, operated by A. N. Ohler; 
and one at Seward, owned by Allen Hickman. 
In 1915 the orchards at Beatrice and Lincoln were retained 
and one new one selected near Omaha, owned by G. H. Beavers. 
In all cases the work was done in cooperation with the orchard 
owners. At Beatrice and Wymore the work was done in co- 
operation with County Agricultural Agent 0. H. Liebers and at 
Seward with County Agricultural Agent A. H. Beckhoff. 
In 1913 the writer was assisted in the work by H. W. Richey, 
a graduate of the University of Nebraska; in 1914 by W. W. 
Downing, a graduate of Iowa State College; and in 1915 by E. H. 
Hoppert, a graduate of the University of Wisconsin, now Ex- 
tension specialist with the University of Nebraska. The accom- 
panying map shows the location of the various experiments con- 
ducted during the last three years. 
In choosing the orchards, special care was taken to secure those 
representative of the sections in which they were located, which 
iThe data taken in Mr. Abbott's orchard were not used, because part of the fruit was picked 
by mistake and no records were kept. 
