10 Nebraska Agricultural Exp. Station, Research Bui. 10 
RECORDS OF RESULTS 
In securing data from the various experiments during the 
years 1913, 1914, and 1915, over one milHon apples were counted. 
During the seasons of 1913 and 1914 every apple which set on the 
trees under observation was examined.^ In 1915, on account of 
the extremely heavy set, only a part of the apples from each tree 
was examined. In examining the windfalls, one hundred apples 
were picked up under each of four sections of the tree and minutely 
examined.- All the remaining apples under the tree were picked 
up and counted, but not examined. To avoid error, all fruits 
around a certain spot were taken until a hundred had been secured. 
If there were less than four hundred windfalls, all were examined. 
At every succeeding examination the places from which apples 
were picked for examination were changed, so that at several 
times during the season windfalls from every part of the tree were 
examined. At picking time, one bushel of fruit was taken from 
the north, east, south, and west sides and from the top of the tree 
for examination, and the remaining apples were counted. In com- 
puting results, the total number of fruits on the tree were considered 
at the different percentages of infection or infestation found on 
the examined portion. Examinations of windfalls and notes on 
foliage were made as nearly as possible every two weeks from 
the first part of July until the fruit was harvested. 
In examining fruit for blemishes every insect, fungous, or spray 
injury which would bar an apple from a No. 1 grade was recorded. 
In grading, the standard adopted by the Department of Horti- 
culture, University of Nebraska, was adhered to.^ 
iln examining the apples each one was cut open to be sure no worms were inside. 
-Owing to the fact that both insects and fungous diseases operate as a rule early in the season 
and gradually cease their activities, together with the fact that injured fruit has a tendency to 
drop early, any records which do not take into account windfalls as well as picked fruit are not 
a reliable indication of the true conditions. 
^First Grade — For larger varieties, such as Jonathan, Ben Davis, Black Twig, Arkansas 
Black, etc., 2? -inch shall be the minimum size. The fruit must be free from insect, fungous, 
and mechanical injuries. The shape must be characteristic of the variety, and the apple 
must have 665 per cent of color for a perfectly colored apple of the variety for this region. 
For small varieties, such as Winesap, Janet, Ingram, etc., 2\ inches in diameter shall be the 
minimum size. The requirements otherwise shall be the same as for larger apples. 
Fancy grades of all varieties shall be composed of those apples of the first grade which have 
90 per cent color for a perfectly colored apple of the variety for this region. 
Second Grade — The minimum size shall be 2j inches. Second grade apples shall possess 
the same physical requirements as to soundness and freedom from insect, fungous, and mechan- 
ical injury as the first grade apples. 
Second grade apples may deviate slightly from the proper form and may show spray burn 
if not conspicuous. They must have 33 i per cent color for a perfectly colored apple of the 
variety for this region. 
Third Grade — Third grade apples, or salable culls, shall be made up of all apples not in- 
cluded in any of the above grades, free from decay and serious mechanical injury and measuring 
not less than two inches in diameter. 
