12 Nebraska Agricultural Exp. Station, Research Bui. 10 
EXPERIMENTS IN 1913 
In the spring of 1913, 213 larvae were collected. ^ The first 
moth emerged on May 20, and the emergence reached its highest 
point June 5. The last moth emerged June 8. No doubt moths 
emerged in the orchard later than this. The first larva was found 
June 2. June 20 the larvae appeared most numerous. The first 
pupa was found on June 24, and pupation reached its highest point 
on July 15. On July 10 the second-brood moths began to emerge 
and on July 25 the emergence had reached its highest point. On 
July 19 the first of the second-brood larvae were found. The larvae 
of this brood continued to emerge until frost, but diminished 
rapidly in numbers after August 25. 
It was planned to apply the petal-fall spray at Lincoln May 6 to 
10, or before the calyx cup of the first blossom to open began to 
close. Usually only one or two blossoms out of a cluster set fruit, 
and, as a rule, these are the buds which open first. Unless, because 
of adverse conditions, these first blossoms fail to become polHnated, 
they will be the first to close. Therefore, they are the ones which 
must be protected. The next spray was planned for May 25 to 
May 31, or just after the first-brood moths began to emerge, in 
order to be thru spraying just before the eggs began to hatch. 
The second-brood spray was planned for July 15 to 20, or just after 
the second-brood moths began to emerge. For the orchards south 
of Lincoln it was planned to apply each spray a few days earlier, 
and for those north, a few days later. However, it was found 
necessary to vary the dates somewhat. 
The following diagram will indicate the comparative dates in 
the development of the codling moth at Lincoln, and the dates of 
spraying. i^i. 
1 
1 luna 1 
July 
Sect. 
Pet 
2 
fi ' 
T 
T 
i p 
^ p 
1 
3 1 
^ p 
Us. 
111 
ai. 
\ 
ex 
rr< 
ae 
u 
d 
m 
Qd 
•VI 
e 
b 
i 
ST 
T- 
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k 
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Laj 
[8 
Fig. 3 — Shows blooming period of apples, rate of development of codling moth, 
and dates when spraying was most effective for both codling moth and 
scab in 1913 
ly? of the larvae perished. 
