Spraying Experiments in Nebraska 
19 
Considering the number of first-brood larvae trapped on the sprayed 
and on the unsprayed trees, the efficiency of the calyx spray was 
much higher. The average number of moths captured under bands 
on sprayed trees was 12.6 and on the unsprayed trees was 151. 
This would make the efficiency of the calyx and the next appli- 
cation combined, 91.7 per cent. 
There is no doubt some error in any methods of calculating 
the efficiency of a single spray, unless applied alone. Many of 
the larvae upon entering a calyx well filled with poison, especially 
where it is combined with lime sulphur or Bordeaux, will no 
doubt be repelled by the covering and seek other points of en- 
trance. Again the calyces of many varieties of apples, such as 
Grimes and Ben Davis, expand considerably as the fruit grows, 
which will, to some extent, diminish the protection by exposing 
new, unpoisoned surfaces. Hence it is likely that some * 'worms" 
which, except for the poison, would have entered the fruit at 
the calyx, enter some place else, while others find a safe entrance 
at the calyx in spite of the poison. 
EXPERIMENTS IN 1915 
The spring and summer of 1915 and the following fall were too 
cool for the coddling moth to reproduce rapidly, consequently only 
two broods appeared. Only 176 larvae were collected for early 
observations and of these but 63 produced moths. The moths 
began emerging the first of June. Larvae began appearing after 
June 15. No pupae were found until about July 20. Second-brood 
moths began emerging from these about August 10. The second- 
brood larvae commenced work about August 25. By this time in 
1914 the third-brood larvae were appearing. 
1915 
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11 
Fig- 5 — Shows blooming period of apples, rate of development of codling moth, 
and dates when spraying was most effective for both codling moth and 
scab in 1915 
The weather conditions during the season of 1915 were slightly 
abnormal in that the precipitation was more than usual and ex- 
