96 Nebraska Agricultural Exp. Station, Research Bui. 10 
The first spray for the control of blotch should be applied 
about three weeks after the petals fall and may be combined 
with the second codling moth application. In cases of severe 
infection another application may be necessary 15 to 20 days later. 
Rust and sooty blotch are usually controlled incidentally. 
Practically no difference has been found in the efficiency of 
Bordeaux and lime sulphur in controlling fungous diseases, 
except in the case of apple blotch. For controlling this disease 
Bordeaux is much more efficient than lime sulphur. On the other 
hand it is also much more liable to injure the fruit when used early 
in the season. In fact more or less danger accompanies its use 
at any time. 
No way of eliminating Bordeaux injury has been found. 
Lime used in excess is of no value. The application of milk of 
lime, following rains, to trees which have been sprayed with 
Bordeaux does not lessen the injury to any appreciable extent. 
It was found practicable to interchange Bordeaux and lime 
sulphur sprays in a schedule, so as to afford a maximum amount 
of control with a minimum amount of injury. Bordeaux may be 
used with little injury for the first or cluster-bud spray, and as a 
rule not very much injury accompanies its use three weeks after 
the petals fall or later, unless wet weather follows its application. 
Bordeaux should be used for the 3-weeks spray where blotch in- 
fection is heavy, but in case of wet weather it would be best to 
use lime sulphur instead and as soon as a period of fair weather 
arrives apply Bordeaux. Where the 35-days spray is applied for 
blotch, Bordeaux should be used. 
Home boiled lime sulphur has been found as efficient a fungi- 
cide as the ordinary commercial product. However, only the 
clear liquid should be used, as the coarse particles in the sludge 
may, when thrown with force against the tender skin of the 
fruit, cause russeting. 
Among the various new fungicides which were tried, none were 
found to be in any way superior to the two standard fungicides 
now in use. Bordeaux arsenate, Pyrox, and tuber tonic proved 
effective in controlling fungi, but all caused considerable damage 
to fruit and foliage, and are more expensive than Bordeaux. 
Soluble sulphur and atomic sulphur proved effective in con- 
trolling apple scab but both did too much damage to fruit and 
foliage to warrant their use in their present form. Both would be 
desirable sprays could this disagreeable feature be eliminated. 
Spray applied with hollow-stream nozzles was found fully as 
effective as when applied with the solid-stream type. More spray 
injury accompanies the use of the latter, and the unavoidable 
waste of material makes their use more expensive. 
