22 
and traces of blue and green copper-carbonate. A good vein 
of galena is worked near Cononley in a fault. It is accom- 
panied by barytes, and the cbeeks are grit. Fluor spar 
. occurs near Skipton, but I Have not found it elsewhere in 
Airedale. The value of the limestone for burning and road 
metal, and of the grits for various building purposes, is well 
known. Some of the siliceous ganisters of the grit series 
might be quarried with advantage for use, in combination 
with the " core " of burnt lime, as road metal. 
I have said nothing about the contortions and tiltings of 
the beds, partly because I have neither liberty nor time for 
details, chiefly because any one can see them, and seeing is 
about the most that anyone can do. The beds in the south 
limestone district, from Malham to Bolton Abbey, are often 
vertical, and, as a friend of mine would say, tied into knots. 
If a book were put through a turnip-cutting machine, and 
subsequently daubed with mud, the task of determining the 
page and line of every visible and invisible fragment would 
be little more perplexing than has been the deciphering of 
the contorted and broken limestones of South Craven. 
Very little drift occurs in Airedale, but what there is, is 
of two sorts at least — a boulder clay, full of scratched lime- 
stone blocks, and a superjacent deposit of sand and gravel. 
Of the chronological relation of these deposits with other 
glacial beds we have very little evidence, and I decline to 
pronounce an opinion. 
on the rormation of anthracite. by l. c. miall. 
[abstract.] 
The physical and chemical properties of the chief varieties 
of coal were briefly described. Reference was then made to 
the various forces to which the production of Anthracite has 
been assigned, such as internal heat of the earth (HulVs 
Coal-fields of Great Britain, pp, 67 and 68, and many other 
