51 
tives, and the Kinder-Scout Grit within a few hundred yards, was more- 
than was to be expected after the peaceable behaviour of the beds for 
more than twenty miles previously. The springing up of water so far 
charged with lime as to encrust the surrounding vegetation at eleva- 
tions higher than the nearest Limestone tract, and amidst drift lying 
close to the bottom of the Coal series, is a question the Survey are not 
called upon to account for, nor are they bound to show us why lime- 
kilns should be built in localities where there is no lime rock to burn. 
The solution appears to be that the drift contains a sufficient quantity 
of limestone boulders to aflFect the water passing thi'ough it ; which 
boulders, when exposed by the action of running streams, were gathered 
together and burnt in order to put on the land. Near Bingley we 
find that the drift in the valley has been ransacked to find out the 
limestone boulders. 
Mr. Dalton's paper, which may tell us of faults miles in extent, and 
of rocks a mile in thickness, planed away and distributed through and 
over the surrounding country, will possibly throw some light on the 
condition of our immediate neighbourhood. To make my remarks 
very local I must ask you to imagine yourselves standing a little 
distance beyond the railway station on the Bradford road and looking 
down the valley. If by some magical power the whole of the loose 
soil and drift could be cleared away from the surrounding hills, we 
should see that all the sloping hill sides were cut into huge 
steps or terraces, and that these terraces had a slight regular inclin- 
ation downwards ; as we pass towards Bingley, the inclination of these 
ridges may be easily followed. A little out-crop of sandstone which 
comes out at Threaproyd, and which the road passes over before 
arriving at the cemetery, may be traced on through Utley, where it is 
quarried. It rises gently until it forms a step in the outline of the 
hill some 200 feet higher than Hawkcliffe rocks. The HawkcliflFe 
rocks again, and their counterpart in Holden "Wood, may also be traced 
as rising regularly from the valley near Utley, and running round 
with some little variation as far as Wainman's Pinnacle above Cowling 
on the one hand, and round to the top of Addingham Moor on the 
other. These terraces are made up of alternating beds of sandstone 
and shales. The sandstone varies much in quality ; the highest in the 
series, that is, the one which follows under the lowest workable coal 
seam, being very rough-grained and coarse, while the lowest bed or 
the one inmiediately overlying the Limestone is often coarse and full of 
white quartz pebbles, sometimes an inch in diameter ; between these 
beds may be found almost all variety of sandstone, sometimes fine 
hard grained blue-grey flags, sometimes roofing slates, and sometimes 
large masses of stone without any distinct bedding. Nearly all the 
