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cutting near the Shap granite works. The lower beds here 
consist of very coarse angular conglomerate or breccia, resting 
unconformably upon the green slates and porphyries (lower 
Silurian). They are succeeded by beds of red sandstone and 
finer conglomerate, which make up the bulk of the section. 
Above them are beds of variously coloured clays and thin 
bands of impure nodular limestone, and on the top, thicker 
beds of light yellow, sandy limestone ("Dun limestone"). 
A very similar section is exhibited near Shap Abbey, but the 
lower coarse conglomerate is absent, perhaps overlapped. It 
can be well seen, however, in a small brook running W. into 
the Birk Beck, where it rests on the Coniston grits, and is 
succeeded by thick beds of red sandstone. Xear Shap Fell 
the conglomerate contains crystals of orthoclase from the 
Shap granite. 
5. Penrith. — The red conglomerate attains its greatest 
thickness in the district which extends three or four miles TV. 
from Pooley Bridge, at the W. extremity of Lake Ulleswater. 
It is here almost entirely thick-bedded conglomerate, without 
sandstones, and forms several hills, including Great and 
Little Mell Fell, 1,760 and 1,650 feet high respectively. Its 
thickness has been estimated at 2,500 feet, but taking into 
consideration the fact that it has an average easterly dip of 
7° or 8°, it seems to me that it may be considerably less. 
It can be examined in the river Eamont and Dacre Becks 
and on the N. and ]S".W. shores of Ulleswater. East of 
Ulleswater, the limestone rests directly upon the green slate 
and porphyries. Tracking the conglomerate upwards to- 
wards Penrith, we find resting upon it a thickness of several 
hundred feet of limestone, followed by alternations of lime- 
stones, red sandstones, and shales, and then by the main mass 
of the carboniferous limestone. 
6. Kirhhij Stephen, 8^c. — These beds are again exposed to 
view on the E. of the Pennine Fault, near Kirkby Stephen 
