80 
on a dark layer composed of fragments of bone, more or less 
burnt, burnt stones wbicb had formed the fire places, very 
many fragments of pottery, and coins of Trajan and Tetricus. 
Fires had been kindled on the spot, and the broken bones of the 
animals strewn about, were the relics of the feast." As work 
continued the talus over this layer died out inwards, and 
the black layer below rose to the surface, and was continuous 
with that from which Mr. Jackson obtained his ornaments 
and implements inside the cave."* 
The objects found in this layer consist of spindle- whorls, 
beads, and curious nondescript articles of bone. Some of 
them are dress fasteners, much of the form of " frogs " used 
in military dress. The use of these was pointed out by Mr. 
Stevens, who called attention to traces of wear upon them by 
the thongs which held them. Then there were spoon brooches, 
a toothcomb similar in form to those now in use, a small 
bone object like a teetotum, and the ivory guard of a Roman 
sword hilt identified by Mr. Franks. In bronze many arti- 
cles and ornaments were found, some of them beautifully 
enamelled in red, blue, yellow, and green, and of graceful 
designs. These, though some of them Roman in form, are 
considered by Mr. Franks to be of Celtic workmanship. 
Other brooches are of more distinctly Roman type. " The 
fragments of pottery were very abundant, and were all of the 
types usually found around Roman villas. The bones are 
very numerous, and afibrd fair testimony as to the food of the 
occupiers of the cave during the time of the accumulation of 
the Romano- Celtic stratum. The Celtic shorthorn {Bos Ion- 
gifrons) formed by far the staple animal food. The variety 
of Capra cegagrus, or goat with simple recurved horns, which 
is commonly met with in the Yorkshire tumuli, and in the 
deposits around Roman villas throughout Grreat Britain, fur- 
nished the mutton. A domestic breed of pigs, with small 
• Op. Cit., p. 62. 
