88 
bed yet discovered we have evidence of the presence of the 
following : * 
Man. 
Hyaena. 
Fox. 
Brown Bear. 
Grisly Bear. 
Elephas antiqiius. 
Rhinoceros kptorhinus.f 
Hippopotamus. 
Bos 2^rimigemus, 
Bison. 
Red Deer. 
The chief horizon along which these bones occur is a layer of 
occupation by the hyaena, whose dung occurs in great abund- 
ance. From the characteristic gnawing and cracking of the 
bones we may conclude that to him and the other carnivores 
we are indebted for probably the whole of this assemblage of 
fossils. Although a fibula of man was found there is no evi- 
dence so far sufficient to justify us in concluding that he used 
this cave as a dwelling place at that time. But that he 
lived in the district when these other animals were roaming 
over the hills of Craven, there can be no doubt. Whether 
other parts of the cave were used by him is a question 
which must await the light to be thrown upon it by further 
exploration. 
It becomes an interesting question what was the climate 
of Great Britain when these animals were living in, or being 
brought piecemeal into, the Cavern. There are two very 
marked species, the hippopotamus and the hyaena, which 
point to a very warm climate ; of the remainder, the elephant 
and the rhinoceros, of species both extinct, maybe considered 
* These bones have been chiefly determined by no less an authority than 
Prof. Busk, F.E.S. 
f According to some late valuable observations by Mr. William Davies, Dr» 
Falconer's species hemitceehus is founded on a misconception, and will have 
to give place to Prof. Owen's term leptorhinus. " Catalogue of the Pleistocene 
Vertebrata in the Collection of Sir A. Brady, by William Davies, of the British 
Museum, 1874. Printed for Private circulation only.'' 
