282 
underlying the Permian Limestone in several localities was at first 
considered by the professor to be a peculiar formation of Gritstone, sub- 
ordinate to the Coal Measures. This decision was arrived at in conse- 
quence of the grit-like appearance of the deposits, and its frequent un- 
conformability to the overlying Limestone. A reference to the 
geological map of Wm. Smith, however, caused a change in this opinion, 
and he adopted that of Conybeare — that they were the equivalents of 
the Rothliegende of Germany. Sedgwick considers it to preserve a 
general uniformity of character, and divided it into seven principal 
yarieties — from a Conglomerate, resembling the Newer Red Con- 
glomerate which overlies the western coal districts ; a coarse Siliceous 
Sandstone, containing quartz pebbles an inch in diameter, and usually 
coloured red or purple ; finer Sandstone ; nearly incoherent Sandstone ; 
Sandy Micaceous Shales, often stained red or purple ; and Marls much 
varied both in colour and composition. The author next proceeds to 
describe the range and extent of the Lower Bed Sandstone, with the 
remark that in its " Subordinate parts there does not appear to be any 
constancy, if we except the red and variegated Marls which are so com- 
monly found immediately under the Limestone ; and also the obscure 
Conglomerates above-mentioned, which in a few instances occur in the 
same position." 
Rev. W. Thorpe. — " On the Agricultm^e of the West Riding of York- 
shire, considered Geologically ; and first of the New Red Sandstone 
District." Proc. Geol. and Polyt. Soc. of West Riding of York, 
Vol. i.. No. 1, p. 46. 1840. 
Rev. W. Thorpe. — " On the Agriculture of the West Riding of York- 
shire, considered Geologically; of the Permian Limestone District.'^ 
Proc. Geol. and Polyt. Soc. of West Riding York., Vol. i.. No. 1, 
p. 9L 1841. 
E. W. BiNNEY. — " On the Relation of the New Red Sandstone to the 
Carboniferous Strata in Lancashire and Cheshire (refers to York- 
shire). Quar. Jour, of Geol. Soc, Vol. ii., p. 12. 1846. 
J. W. KiRKBY. — " On the occurrence of Lingula Credneri, Geinitz, 
in the Coal Measures of Durham ; and on the Claim of the Per- 
mian Rocks to be entitled a System." Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc, 
Vol. xvi., p. 412. 1860. 
Cites 15 species of Mollusca, Entomastraca, fish and plants, which are 
common to the Carboniferous Series and to the Permians ; from this 
Palseontological relationship draws deductions, and endeavours to show 
that the Permian formation ought to be included in the Carboniferous 
System. 
