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III. — GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS 
WEST OF THE PERMIAN ESCARPMENT, INCLUDING THE 
RED ROCKS, OLDER THAN THE PERMIAN LIMESTONE. 
An important Fault, running in an easterly and westerly- 
direction, about three miles north of Leeds, from Meanwood 
to Kiddal Hall, where it passes beneath the escarpment of 
the Permian Limestone, roughly separates the series of Car- 
boniferous formations into two parts. North of the Fault, the 
various sandstones of the Millstone Grit Group extend to the 
boundar}^ of the Riding, or until they are displaced by the 
upheaved Yoredale rocks in the neighbourhood of Harro- 
gate. Southwards from the Fault, the members of the Coal 
Measures occupy all the ground and form a large basin-shaped 
hollow, the eastern part of which is hidden beneath the 
Permian Limestone. 
The Millstone Grit rocks to the north of the Fault will 
be described first. The series consists of three principal 
groups; at the base are beds of a massive pebbly grit, 
usually divided into two or more parts by thick beds of 
shale. They have been named the Kinderscout Grits, from 
their extensive development at the western escarpment of 
the Peak in Derbyshire. Above the lowest Grits is a series 
of Sandstones and Shales of a more complicated structure. 
They are the Third Grits, and between these and the Coal 
measures is the Eough Rock. As its name implies, it is a 
rough gritty Sandstone, sometimes containing quartz pebbles 
in great abundance ; frequently there is at its base a more 
or less thick bed of flagstones. The latter have sometimes been 
considered as constituting a second group, and in Lanca- 
shire are distinguished as the Haslingden Flagrocks, being 
very extensively developed and quarried. The lowest mem- 
ber of the series, or Kinder scout Grit, extends from Derby- 
shire in a broad line northwards into Yorkshire, forming the 
