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into isolated blocks or masses. Numerous examples of the 
latter phenomenon occur along the edges of the escarpments : 
rocking stones and detached monoliths are common. The 
red colour of the rock may be seen on "Warley Moor, and 
the Upper Grit in Ramsden Clough is quite a red colour. 
The Rough E-ock, with occasionally the Flag Rocks at 
its base, forms the next ring within the circles of the Third 
Grits. They extend northwards to Halifax and Shipley, 
and thence eastwards two or three miles north of Leeds. 
Along their entire course they are very extensively quarried, 
forming a very durable building stone, and furnishing 
ashlar stone of nearly any size that can be carried away. 
From Meanwood to Kiddall Hall they are brought into 
juxtaposition with the Coal-measures by a fault ; both the 
Coal-measures and Rough Rock disappear beneath the Per- 
mian Limestone. In Bramham Park, three or four miles 
east from the Limestone escarpments, more than usual 
denudation has taken place, and the Rough Rock is exposed 
beneath the Limestone, and is quarried in several places in or 
near the park. The Grit Rock, in this instance, is the usual 
yellowish-grey colour, and has not been changed by the 
overlying Limestone. The Lower Coal-measures overlie the 
Rough Rock, and extend from the southern extremity of the 
county, a little west of Sheffield, northwards to Penistone, 
Huddersfield, Halifax, and Denholme, thence, turning east- 
wards, they continue a few miles north of Bradford and 
Leeds, and near Barwick-in-Elmete pass under the Permian 
Limestone escarpment. The constituents of the Lower 
Coal-measures differ but little from those of the Millstone 
Grits. Beds of sandstone, perhaps finer-grained and more 
flaggy than those of the rocks on which they rest, are asso- 
ciated with thick masses of shale, and amongst these, beds 
of coal, usually lying immediately above the sandstone, are 
the characteristics of the Coal-measures. The coals occur 
