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APPENDIX. 
DETAILED NOTES ON THE PLUMPTON AND BRIMHAM ROCKS, 
WITH REMARKS ON GOREDALE AND MALHAM COVE. 
The Plumpton Rocks. 
1. Above the cliffs there is an extensive plateau on which the bare 
rock comes sometimes to the surface, but is in general covered with a 
sandy soil, or debris, containing rounded pebbles and small boulders. 
To the north of the cliffs there is a low ridge covered with rounded 
stones, and similar stones may be found in the valley under the cliffs. 
The stones are chiefly hard fine-grained sandstone and a kind of 
quartzite, and they must have been drifted from a greater or less 
distance— their parent rocks being found to the west or north-west, 
2. Towards the north end of the range of cliffs I saw a curvilinear 
cavity containing rounded stones, most of them erratic, which extended 
into recesses where it is very unlikely they could have been thrown in 
by human hands. These stones may possibly have helped to grind out 
the cavity. In several other cavities I found similar stones. In some 
places the cavities contained a little loose grit, indicating the action of 
wind, or possibly of rabbits, though I afterwards saw reason to conclude 
that much of the loose grit in cavities must have been blown in from 
the gritty soil lying on the summit or at the base of the cliffs. 
3. An insignificant stream, during heavy rains, may Jlow along the 
valley in front of the rocks (when I saw it the water seemed quite stag- 
nant), but the few hundred yards in length of the water-collecting 
surface south-west of the watershed could never have rendered this 
stream sufficient to remove good-sized stones, or round them by attrition. 
4. Arrived at a wide passage between stacks of rock, partly filled 
with powdered gi'it in a way showing that the grit could not have 
crumbled down from the sides of the cavity, but must have been washed 
in horizontally. At nearly right angles there is a narrow passage partly 
filled with grit, in addition to angular and rounded stones, some of 
them of considerable size. 
5. Arrived at two small caves with flat bottoms — these caves evi- 
dently ground out, not weathered out. On the side of one of them, 
near the entrance, weathering seemed to have just commenced, and the 
rough surf axe resulting from it contrasts strongly with the smooth sides 
and roof of the cave. 
6. In most places the fronts of the cliffs, or the parts of them facing 
the valley, present IsiXge jointage-planes, in places slightly roughened by 
the weather, in others lichen-covered. 
7. Here, a joint half-a-foot wide has been crammed full of both 
