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graduate into the other. I believe the blue clay here underlies the yellow, as it 
does in other parts of the valley of the "WTiarfe, but the section is much obscured 
by talus. 
Fig. 12. Section exposed by Excavationt in connection with the Headingley 
New Waterivorks (Feb. 1870). ~ (A) Purplish-blue clay with a few boulders, very 
compact, and fracturing like igneous rock, excepting where it frequently runs 
into sand. It reaches a thickness of at least 26 feet : (B) Metalliferous laminated 
Band, traversed by splashy seams of purple loam; (C) Yellomsh-blue and varie- 
gated clay, with many boulders of sandstone, millstone-giit, &c., reaching an 
average diameter of at least 5 feet. I found twigs of plants where the boundary 
between the lower and upper clays was too indistinctly marked to warrant their 
being referred to the one or the other. 
Fig. 13. Section of Laminated Sand and Purplish-blue Clay in another part 
of the Headingley Excavation.- The clay and Band partly represented in the 
above two sections is limited to a basin or trough less than half a mile in 
diameter. The slope rising from it on the eastern side is covered with sand, 
and farther on, in a quarry, reddish-brown boulder-clay is seen resting on rock. 
Fig. 14. Section exposed by the Railway Cutting between Pannal and Spofforth. 
— (A) Carboniferous sandstone ; (B) Boulder sand and loam with yellowish- 
brown and blue clay (order of succession not ascertained). 
Fig. 15. Section in a Quarry near Aldfield. — (A) Permian marl slate; 
1. Black clay ; 2. Brown clay, both containing scratched and polished boulders. 
The brown is the usual surface clay of the district. It has a rough stratification, 
generally inclining to the east. ( Communicated by the Rev. J. Stanley Tute, of 
Markington. ) 
Fig. 16. Section close to Rijwn Raihoay Station. — (A) Dark laminated stone- 
less clay, evidently an outlier of the great expanses of laminated clay in the vale 
of York— horizon and relative age still unknown ; (B) Light red sand ; (C) Dark 
red sand, with a few pebbles, about 7 feet in thickness. 
Fig. 17. Roadside Section near Rijjon Railway Station.— {A.A) Fine gravel; 
(B) Sand ; (C) Sand with a few pebbles. 
Fig. 18. Section in a Brick-piit near Littlethorpe, Ripon. — (A) Variegated 
boulder-clay and loam, called "carrion;" (B) Coarse sand with small pebbles, and 
fine red sand without pebbles ; (C) Alternating yellow, blue, and brown beds 
of finely laminated clay without stones, about 12 feet in thickness. 
Fig. 19. Section in a Brick-pit a little farther north. — (A) Red false-bedded 
sand ; (B) Thin layer of stones ; (C) Dark laminated stoneless clay. 
Fig. 20. Typical structure of the Cliffs on the north-tvest side of Brimham 
Moor, shewing the effects of a powerful undermining cause not assisted by the 
waste of softer rocks. 
Fig. 21. Irregular Terraces and Ridges on the eastern slope of the valley of 
the Aire, south of Malham. — They are merely a part or variation of the general 
configuration of the slope. Near Settle, many of the terraces are probably raised 
beaches or tidal ridges. 
Note.— (t/tt^r/, 1870.) — One of the officers of the Geological Survey informs 
me that while in the neighbourhood of Leeds he heard of unfossilized sea- 
shells being obtained from the blue clay at an almost fabulous depth, near 
Seacroft, during boring operations. Information on this point will be thankfully 
received by IMi-. Denny, Philosophical Hall, Leeds. The yellowish-brown boulder- 
clay covers a great part of the surface between Seacroft and Bramham, but I do 
not recollect having there seen any very decided section of the blue clay, though 
it probably underlies the yellow in some places. D. M. 
