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what is wanting. In these twenty we observe six variations 
from the English futhorc. 
(/.) A golden bracteate, found at TVadstena, in Sweden, 
presents twenty-three characters, in the usual order, save 
that the 23rd is omitted. The 9th shows the origin of 
one of the variants in Cotton, Otho, B. 10., and besides this 
there are seven variations from the English futhorc. This is 
peculiarly valuable, inasmuch as it arranges the runes in 
divisions of eight each. 
The most ancient copy we possess of the Norse futhorc, 
is from the S. Gallen MS., 878, accompanied by the following 
verses : — 
Feu forman Feu first, 
Ur after Ur after, 
Thur is thritto stabu Thur is third stave, 
Os ist thimo oboro Os is next to that, 
Rat end os uuritan Eat and Os written 
Chaon thanne chumet Chaon then cometh 
Hagal naut habet Hagal Naut hath 
Is ar endi sol Is, Ar, and Sol 
(Tir) hirca endi man (Tir), Birca, and Man 
Lago the leohto Lago the light 
Tr al bihabendi Yr all ending. 
Over several of these runes are written their correspon- 
dents in the usual futhorc, and below the word feu is 
WREATH in runes, which I think is represented in our 
old English glossary by wrceth "pecus," the equivalent of 
feu. In this abbreviated futhorc we observe that the first six 
runes are in the same order as the foregoing ; the next five 
correspond to the 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, and 16th ; and the 
last five to the 17th, 18th, 20th, 21st, and 27th. 
With this exception, all the copies of the futhorc agree as 
to the sequence of most of the characters. As far as the 
29th there can be little doubt but that it was as in [h). Several 
English authorities extend this system to thirty-three, and 
