250 
of the depth of 3 or 4 feet. Over this cavity we must 
suppose the branches of trees placed to form a conical roof, 
which perhaps might be made weather-proof by wattling a 
covering of rushes or of sods. The opening we may believe 
to have been placed on the side removed from the prevalent 
wind. In several places these pits are associated in such con- 
siderable numbers as to give the idea of a village : such are 
the Killing Pits on the gritstone hill, less than one 
mile south of Gfoodland Chapel, the pits in Harwood Dale, 
those which encircle Eosebury Topping, besides many on the 
side of Glaizedale and in other situations. But the most in- 
structive in this respect are those which have been described 
by Dr. Young, on Danby Moor, between Danby Beacon and 
Wapley. Here the pits are in two parallel lines, bounded 
externally by banks, and divided internally by an open space 
like a street. A stream divides the settlement into two 
parts. There are no walls at the end of the streets. In the 
most westerly part is a circular-walled space 35 feet in 
diameter. (Also page 29, Ingleborough) : "In this space are 
nineteen horse-shoe-shaped low- wall foundations about 30 
feet in diameter, each ring-like foundation having only one 
opening which is always on the side looking south-east. 
They are evidently the foundations of ancient huts (Cyttian) 
each probably designed to be a conical or dome-shaped roof 
of heath or sod, "congestum caespite culmen," with an 
opening turned away from the north-west, which is the 
quarter for violent winds and snow storms.'' Now is there any 
mention in ancient story of names or places which will enable 
us to identify this British camp? Geoffrey of Monmouth 
tells us that when Hengest was defeated, " The Saxons fled 
whithersoever their consternation hurried them, some to the 
cities, some to the woods upon the hills, and others to their 
ships, but Octa, the son of Hengest, made his retreat with a 
great body of men to York, and Eosa, his kinsman, to the 
