258 
finislied, and used from a sling to bring down witli an unerring 
blow the object at wbich they are aimed. Two points of deep 
interest I think are suggested from his experience and 
research : first, the stone-using people are distinct from the 
flint-using race ; secondly, that the stone people are of a 
superior and higher grade, and have actual possession of the 
hunting grounds which the flint-arrow-head tribes formerly 
occupied, and are in intelligence, skill, and physical appearance 
far in advance of the Terra del Fuegian. Mr. Chambers, of 
Cleugh-House, has in his possession a remarkably fine speci- 
men of a flint chisel or hatchet (so-called). Lieut. Musters 
however informs me that it is just such an implement as the 
Patagonians use for scraping and thus softening the hides 
they use for clothing. 
I think we have here as remarkable a spot as can be found 
in Yorkshire : a perfect British village or encampment on the 
confines of Brigantia. We have the Gaelic " Aber," (see plan) 
or confluence of two streams, telling us of the earlier race who 
inhabited this district and gave names to the rivers Calder 
and Dun near by. We have another Gaelic word retained in 
Crook or Crag-hill. We have the change of name from Al- 
clud to Clif-ton. We find the green-stone hammer, the flint 
instruments, the iron slag similar to the scoria and same 
in quality and appearance, and evidently subjected to the 
same process of smelting as the slag brought by myself and 
shown to you to-day from the British pits on the clifis from 
Cromer to Weybourne. Strange that so many centuries 
after, local nomenclature should tell of the earlier races ; 
and British pit-dwellings, found everywhere along this 
southern boundary of the Brigantes, should challenge the 
sceptic to say. whether seeing is believing. 
