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ended at Aesica, the present Netherby, where the first 
cohort of the Astures kept watch and ward, and where the 
remains of important works constructed by them have been 
found. Aesica, although a very necessary post on this road, 
is omitted from the Itinerary of Eichard. According to 
this authority, the destination of the road is Eburacum : but, 
on reaching Olicana, he takes it above twenty miles out of its 
course to Aldborough, and thence down to York. There 
can be no doubt that a road, and probably a British one, 
extended between Coccium and Isurium ; and that the Iter 
to Netherby and York was a divergence from Ilkley, and 
was Eoman. 
The discrepancies in both the Itineraries lessen their value, 
in the presence of the ancient Iters which can be pointed to 
as still, for the most part, in use at the present day. Such 
was the reb'ance placed on these venerable authorities, that 
every imaginable scheme was devised to reconcile their errors 
and omissions with existing facts. It is evident that these 
Itineraries, to which I may add the Ravennas, have not 
escaped the mutations of time ; and that, on this account, 
they add little to the information that can be well obtained 
without them — so far, at least, as that relating to the roads 
which intersect this part of the country. 
The fourth stage upon the seventh Iter terminated at 
Eburacum, the garrison of the ninth and sixth legions. 
There were on this Iter five strong places ; and at four of 
them inscribed stones and fixed remains of the Roman times 
have been discovered. The exception is at Colne ; but the 
opinion will scarcely be disputed that, although these conclu- 
sive evidences are not known to have been met with there, 
it was equally held by a Roman garrison, the name of which 
has perished. Another example of a military way is found 
in the second Iter of Antonine and the sixth of Richard : a 
road which extended from the WaU to York and from York 
