176 
KENDALL : PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 
The Carboniferous series, first among the rocks of Yorkshire 
in economic importance as well as in area of outcrop, have also 
\aelded the largest series of ne\^' observations and speculations. 
The Coal Measures have been mapped by Green and others, 
and one of the weightiest and most detailed of the memoirs of the 
Geological Survey is that upon the Yorkshire Coalfield by Green. 
It is a wonderful monument of industry and care, and a mine 
itself of valuable, if rather indigestible facts. As a lucid and 
fascinating exposition of Coal Measure Geology, however, Green's 
contribution to the book on Coal by the professors at the York- 
shire College stands without a peer. 
The Palaeontology of the Yorkshire Coal Measures is far 
more thoroughly kno^^'n and studied now than at the time Mith 
which this retrospect begins. 
The air-breathing Vertebrates have been studied by Miall, 
and the Fishes have been the subject of memoirs almost innumer- 
able by that giant of industry, our late Secretar}^ J. W. Davis. 
The work is being carried on by Dr. Wellburn. The Invertebrates 
have been, and are being, minutely studied by Dr. Wheelton 
Hind, and the distribution of bands characterised by a marine 
fauna, now of such value and significance in the exploration of 
the concealed part of the coalfield, are known mainly or almost 
entirely by the self-denying labours of Mr. Culpin ; but it is 
right that I should mention the most admirable Avork that has 
been done at Maltby by Mr. W. Dyson. 
The structure of the plants of the Coal Measures has been 
studied by a host of botanists, the pioneers, however, were 
Williamson, Spencer, Hick, and last, but not least, our old and 
valued member, Mr. William Cash, one of the ardent and generous 
spirits who for so many years made Halifax the true centre of 
scientific life in Yorkshire. 
The study of the Coal Measure Flora and its vertical dis- 
tribution has made great progress, though much still remains to 
be done. Assiduous collectors like W. Hemingway, of Barnsley, 
and John Bond, of Leeds, have made gatherings from specific 
horizons in the Coal Measures, and their materials have been 
identified by Dr. Kidston and other systematists, whereby our 
knowledge has been much enlarged. 
