216 
ON THE SHELLY MORAINE OF THE SEFSTROM GLACIER 
AND OTHER SPITSBERGEN PHENOMENA ILLUSTRATIVE 
OF BRITISH GLACIAL CONDITIONS. ^ 
CY G. W. LAMPLUGH, F.R.S., F.G.S. 
WITH A Note 1!V a JSTKAHAN, Sc.l)., F.R.S,; AND LIST (iF SlIKLL^ 
i:V PROF. GERARD DE GEER. 
{Read March m, 1911.) 
INTRODUCTION. 
Last summer (1910) I was fortunately able to join the 
cosmopolitan party of geologists who visited Spitsbergen under 
the guidance of Prof. G. De Geer before the eleventh meeting 
of the International Geological Congress in Stockholm. From 
beginning to end, the journey was crowded with interest ; and, 
as a British glacialist, I was, above all, impressed with the in- 
structiveness of the glacial phenomena, both ancient and recent.^ 
The glaciation of the Scandinavian peninsula itself, of which we 
saw the general outlines in our land-journej^s between Stockholm 
and two separate points on the Norwegian coast, carries much 
that is enlightening in respect to our British drifts;^ but in the 
present communication I shall confine myself to the experiences 
gained in Spitsbergen. Of the places visited there, the moraine 
of the Sefstrom Glacier was of pre-eminent interest in the elucida- 
tion of our shelljT^ drifts, and will be more particularly described. 
Certain phenomena associated wdth the Nordenskiold and Von 
Post glaciers, that are instructive in relation to our drifts, will also 
be noticed ; and the local descriptions vAU be prefaced b}^ some 
general observations on the Glacial conditions in Spitsbergen 
which are likely to be of interest to the British glacialist.* The 
route followed b}^ the part}' in Spitsbergen is shown in Fig. 1. 
1 An abstract of this paper was delivered at the Sheffield Meeting of the British Association, 
1910 (Section C). 
2 I have given a general account of the journev, in an article "Stockholm to Spitsbergen : The 
Geologists' Pilgrimage," in Nature, Vol. LXXXV., No. 2144 (Dec. 1st, 1910), pp. 152-7. 
3 Since this paper was written, an excellent discussion of the same subject, entitled *' Glacial 
Features in Spitsbergen in relation to Irish Geologv " has been published by a member of 
our party, Prof. G. A. J. Cole, in Proc. Roy. Irish Academy, Vol. XXIX., Section B., No. 5 
(July, 1911), pp. 191-208, with 16 photographic illustrations. The reproductions of Prof. 
Cole's own photographs which adorn this paper afford illustrations of most of the features 
that I have described in the context, and his descriptions cover some points which 1 have 
not dealt with. 
i For a fuller discussion of Spitsbergen glaciers and their general bearing on the problems of 
Glacial eeologv, see two excellent papers, "Contributions to the Glacial Geology of Spits- 
bergen," by Prof. E. J. Garwood and Prof. J. W. Gregorv, Quart. Journ. Geol. Sac, Vol. LIV. 
189S). pn. 197-225. and "Additional Notes on the Glacial Phenomena of Spitsbergen," bv 
Prof. E. J. Garwood, Ibid., Vol. LV. (1899) pp. 681-9 
