LAMPLUGH : SHELLY MORAINE OF THE SEFSTROM GLACIER. 225 
large island [Cora Island], shown by the survey to have existed 
tliere not twenty years ago, is now filled by the advancing 
glacier. More than half of the island is also oversj^read. 
Without moraine, without dirt or discoloration, the glacier is 
pouring over it, and great seracs lie there, separated only, or barely 
.separated, jroin th-e flowers and the grasses by the clear stream 
their drip has formed. [Not italics in original.] A phenomenon 
more striking than the contrast of the green island with the 
icy boulders strewn along it, and the grim whiteness which 
rises so suddenly behind, ^^ould be hard to conceive." 
From this account it ajipears that the great moraine now 
visible was all actually hidden beneath the glacier in 1896. This 
moraine has doubled the size of the island, and stretches from 
north-west to south-east in a massive bow nearly three miles 
long and half a mile \\ ide at its broadest. The convexity of this 
l)Ow impinges upon the bare island (see PI. XXVIII.) ; its con- 
cavity is still partly filled with the detached remnant of the glacier : 
and its two ends run out into the sea, north and south, as tapering 
spits (see PI. XXIX., wliich shows the northern spit). 
Our ship steamed up the sound between the present main 
front of the glacier and the new part of Cora Island on August 
7th ; and \\ e landed by small boats, first at the northern, and 
afterwards at the southern extremity of the moraine, spending 
several hours ashore upon it — long enough to grasp its princijial 
features, though not long enough to study all its details. 
The moraine is composed almost entirely of red clay, inter- 
mingled rather s])arsely with boulders and with a multitude of 
marine shells. This material is heaped up into a series of rude 
confused ridges running in general parallelism ^vith. the outer 
margin of the moraine, but sharply broken by many cauldron- 
shaped hollo\\ s and in a few places by small transverse valleys. 
The cauldrons range from a fe^^' yards to 200 or 300 yards in 
diameter ; their sides, sometimes 30 or 40 feet high, are steep 
and crumbling ; and their floors were covered, when we saw^ them, 
with muddy water or with sloughs of soft red mud (PI. XXX.). 
Their subsidence and the crumbling of their walls were evidently 
in man}' cases still in progress, and the presence of oozing muddy 
pools in them confirmed the supposition that they were due to 
the melting of patches of ice concealed under the moraine. At 
