LAMPLUGH : SHELLY MORAINE OF THE SEFSTROM GLACIER. 227 
slope than Plate XXXI. and shows the wet surface of the ice 
crossed in all directions by " casts of crevasses.' The subject 
of Plate XXXI. is included in the left-hand distance, but is 
not easily distinguishable. The ice-cliff of the Sefstrom 
(^lacier and the arm of the sea by which it is separated from 
Oora Island are shown. These two photographs face south- 
westward. 
" A second photograph (Plate XXXIII.) was taken from 
the same spot as Plate XXXII., but looking eastward. It 
shows in the foreground the coarsely granular character of the 
ice and a good example of a ' cast of a crevasse.' A slight 
depression in the ice farther away holds a pool of water, and 
bej^ond this again the moraine which rests on the central 
part of Cora Island is visible. The mountains in the distance 
form part of the Mt. Capitoleum range. 
Plate XXXIV. shows the ice cliff at the point where the 
ice passes under the moraine. The ice is about 50 feet thick, 
and at its foot, in a deep shadow due to undercutting by the 
sea, it was possible to see that it rested upon boulder-clay, 
though the spot was inaccessible. The ice was clean from top 
to bottom, but that it was underlain by boulder-clay at this 
spot, and overlain hy it close by (Plate XXXI.) was clear." 
A. S. 
These observations show that the boulder-clay was not 
pushed forward simply as a separate entit}^ in front of the glacier, 
but was to some extent actually picked up and entangled with the 
ice so that it became part and parcel of the advancing glacier. 
Further, since Mr. Trevor-Battye in his description particularly 
notes the absence of morainic matter in the ice that he saw on 
the island, it appears that the transport of the clay was effected 
by unseen lower layers of ice. When its bottom impinged upon 
the rising bank which forms the basis of the island, the glacier 
e\idently ploughed up the soft sea-floor and incorporated large 
masses of the material in its under part. This load was carried 
forward to the limits reached b}^ the glacier ; and if the forward 
movement had continued, there is no reason to doubt that a 
large portion Mould have been transported as far as the lower 
layers advanced. The case is a clear illustration of the method 
by which marine detritus may be carried over the land during 
progressive glaciation. 
