LAMPLUGH : SHELLY MORAINE OF THE SEFSTROM GLACIER. 23 i 
The slope of the original surface being toward the moraine, 
there is now a slight depression, with the moraine on the western 
side, and the unglaciated land on the east. The drainage from 
the melting ice has followed this depression northward and south- 
ward to the sea, along the periphery of the moraine, slightly 
eroding its margin and still further accentuating the abruptness 
of its termination ; but the gradient is too gentle and the elevation 
too low to leave much play for erosion. In traversing, here and 
there, the beds of these now -dry watercourses, 1 was surprised bj^ 
the scantiness of gravel or other water-borne sediments ; the 
extinct streams have doubtless carried their fine mud in sus- 
pension to the sea, and they seem to have had very little heavier 
material to transport. 
This absence of a fringe of tluvio-glacial detritus was un- 
expected, as one had been inclined to regard such a fringe as 
an essential concomitant of an ice-border on low ground. Its 
absence in this case was, however, readily explained by our leader, 
who pointed out that very little of the drainage of the glacier 
could ever cross the deep trough of the fiord, and that as soon as the 
ice began to recede from the island, nearh' all its surface-drainage 
would fall backward into the trough. Prof. De Geer sho\\ed 
us, nevertheless, a short transverse valle^^ crossing the moraine 
near its northern end, which he knew to have been cut by water 
flowing from the glacier, as he had seen a stream issuing from the 
ice at this point in 1896. 
The relations of the moraine to the original island are illus- 
trated diagrammatically in Figs. 3 and 4, which are based on 
rough sketches that I made on the spot. 
The Shells of the Moraine. 
Of course, the point of surpassing interest on Cora Island 
to an East Yorkshire glacialist was the presence of shells in the 
moraine. PersonaUj^ ever since I began the study of our drifts 
over 30 years ago, I have been convinced that the transport of 
shells was effected on a large scale by the ice -sheets of the Glacial 
period in passing over the floors of our seas ; from time to time 
I had read of modern instances of the process in Xorway,^ Green- 
land^ and Spitsbergen^ ; and here, at last, I saw for myself a 
1 A. Geikie, '* Geological Sketches at Home aad Abroad " (London, 1882) pp. 145-6. 
2 R. D. Salisbury, " Glacial Geology." Rep. Geol. Surv. of New Jersey, Vol. V. (1902), p. 81. 
3 E. J. Garwood and J. W. Gregory; also A.. E. Nordenskiold, J. Lamont and H. W. Feildeii ; 
all in works cited in footnote on p. 222 ; and H. Backlund (Negri Glacier on east coast) in 
"Missions Scientif.ques pour la Mesure d' un Arc, etc.," Mission Russe, tome II., Sec. IX., 
(1908), p. 10. 
