236 LAIMPLUGH : SHELLY MORAINE OF THE SEFSTROM GLACIER. 
Cingula castanea Moll. 
Bela elegans Moll. 
Bela bicarinata Couth. 
Trophon clathratus Ldn. 
Buccinum giaciale Lin. 
Buccinum tenue Gray 
Buccinum groenlandicum Chemn. 
Echinus droebakensis 3Iull. 
Balanus porcatus da Costa 
Serpula sp. 
Spii'orbis sp. 
Foraminifera (especially a great Biloculina). 
Ostracoda 
Bryozoa 
Lithothamnion (predominant)." 
NORDEXSKIOLD GLACIER. 
Reference has already been made to other instances of shelly 
moraines which have been observed in association with Spits- 
bergen glaciers/ though none appears to have been so remarkable 
as the Sefstrom example. The only other case \\hich we saw 
during our recent journey was that of the Xordenskiold Glacier. 
This great glacier comes down to the sea in the eastern arm 
of Klaas Billen Bslj (see Fig. 1), endmg off ^^dth an ice-front of 
three miles in water nearly 500 feet deep. It has shown only 
minor changes since its measurement in 1882 ; and the extension 
of a series of raised beaches close up to its southern margin proves 
that it cannot have reached much beyond its present bounds at 
any time since the beaches were formed. It has slightly invaded 
these beaches and incorporated some of their shelly material 
in its southern lateral moraine. This moraine is composed mainly 
of very ston}' grey clay derived from the Carboniferous rocks. 
We examined it in the gully cut by a strong stream flowing from 
the flank of the glacier, and found a few shells, mostly in dispersed 
fragments and in a state of preservation very different from that 
of the Cora Island shells. Here, of course, there was no chance 
of seeing what has happened under the seaward front of the 
glacier ; it is merely the already eathered material of the raised 
beach that has supplied the marine detritus to the lateral moraine. 
I See footnote references on p. 231. 
