HUDLESTON: EXCUKSION. 
121 
and a sulpliur water are incompatable, yet they wait closely on 
each other, and must in some way be connected. One of the 
g-reat puzzles is to understand how they are kept apart in the ducts 
v\hich convey them to the surface. The very high angle of the 
beds, and the pecuhar jointing of the encrinital grit probably have 
something to do with it. 
The composition of the Harrogate waters has often been 
studied from a therapeutical point of view, but it has also its 
geological aspect, and recent observations have brought out some 
features of considerable importance in this direction. Henceforth 
there will be less difficulty in understanding the vein deposits of 
the Carboniferous Series, as here we have an opportunity of test- 
ing the vital fluids of the rocks, as it were, in the act of circula- 
tion. An inspection of the accompanying table may serve to 
illustrate this. 
The five waters, whose analysis is there given, are representa- 
tive of the chief varieties. Technically the Sulphur waters are 
divided into strong saline, mild saline, and pure, the latter term 
being merely relative. It may also be noted that No. selected 
as a type of the " pure sulphur," is situated at some distance from 
the triangular patch of Yoredale Rocks previously mentioned, and 
very near the junction of the Millstone Grit Shales with the 
Middle Permian Marls. At the same time it is not improbable 
that this spring may represent an overflow (from a spring) at 
Bilton, which is more in the direction of a slight prolongation of the 
anticlinal axis. In consequence of the absence in this water of 
the chlorides of the alkaline earths, there is a fair amount of alka- 
line carbonates, and the same is the case with the spring at Harlow 
Carr on the other side of Low Harrogate. In fact the further 
away from Low Harrogate the less amount of chloride occurs in 
the sulphur springs. 
The Old Sulphur Well yields a pretty uniform supply, amounting 
to about 12 gallons per hour, though in the very dry year, 1868, 
there was some mention made of a threatened deficiency. The 
